三教

The three teachings, i.e. [lang id =1028]儒, [lang id =1028]佛 (or [lang id =1028]釋), and [lang id =1028]道Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism; or, [lang id =1028]孔, [lang id =1028]老, [lang id =1028]釋 Confucianism, Taoism (aIso known as [lang id =1028]神敎), and Buddhism. In Japan they are Shinto, Confucianism, and Buddhism. In Buddhism the term is applied to the three periods of Śākyamuni's own teaching, of which there are several definitions:

(1) The Jiangnan [lang id =1028]南中 School describe his teaching as (a) [lang id =1028]漸progressive or gradual; (b) [lang id =1028]頓 immediate, i.e. as one whole, especially in the [lang id =1028]華嚴經; and (c) [lang id =1028]不定 or indeterminate.

(2) [lang id =1028]光統 Guangtong, a writer of the Iater Wei dynasty, describes the three as (a) [lang id =1028]漸 progressive for beginners, i.e. from impermanence to permanence, from the void to reality, etc.; (b) [lang id =1028]頓 immediate for the more advanced; and (c) [lang id =1028]圓complete, to the most advanced, i.e. the Huayan as above.

(3) The [lang id =1028]三時敎q.v.

(4) The [lang id =1028]南山 Southern school deals with (a) the [lang id =1028]性空of Hīnayāna; (b) [lang id =1028]相空of Mahāyāna; and (c) [lang id =1028]唯識圓 the perfect idealism. v. [lang id =1028]行事鈔中 4. Tiantai accepts the division of [lang id =1028]漸, [lang id =1028]頓, and [lang id =1028]不定 for pre-Lotus teaching, but adopts [lang id =1028]漸 gradual, [lang id =1028]頓 immediate, and [lang id =1028]圓 perfect, with the Lotus as the perfect teaching; it also has the division of [lang id =1028]三藏敎 , [lang id =1028]通敎 , and [lang id =1028]別敎 q.v.

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１．佛教、 道教、 儒教。 ２．指南山三教， 即性空教、 相空教、 唯識圓教。 說諸法性空無我的道理的， 名性空教， 此攝一切小乘教； 說諸法本相是空， 惟眾生妄見為有的， 名相空教， 此攝一切大乘淺教； 說諸法外塵本無， 實際上唯有識的， 名唯識圓教， 此攝一切大乘深教。 以上三教， 是律宗所判的教相。 ３．指天台三教， 即頓教、 漸教、 不定教。 見天台三教條。 ４．三時教的簡稱。 見三時教條。